Candidate 

Type of vaccine 

Sponsor 

 Phase of trial

AZD1222

Replication-deficient viral vector vaccine (chimpanzee adenovirus)

The University of Oxford; AstraZeneca; IQVIA; Serum Institute of India

Phase 3

BNT162

mRNA-based vaccine

Pfizer, BioNTech

Phase 3

mRNA-1273

mRNA-based vaccine

Moderna

Phase 3

Ad5-nCoV

Recombinant vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector)

CanSino Biologics

Phase 3

CoronaVac

Inactivated vaccine (formalin with alum adjuvant)

Sinovac

Phase 3

Covaxin

Inactivated vaccine

Bharat Biotech; National Institute of Virology

Phase 3

JNJ-78436735

Non-replicating viral vector

Johnson & Johnson

Phase 3

Name not announced

Inactivated vaccine

Wuhan Institute of Biological Products; China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm)

Phase 3

NVX-CoV2373

Nanoparticle vaccine

Novavax

Phase 3

Sputnik V

Non-replicating viral vector

Gamaleya Research Institute, Acellena Contract Drug Research and Development

Phase 3

BCG vaccine

Live-attenuated vaccine

University of Melbourne and Murdoch Children’s Research Institute; Radboud University Medical Center; Faustman Lab at Massachusetts General Hospital

Phase 2/3

INO-4800

DNA vaccine (plasmid)

Inovio Pharmaceuticals

Phase 2/3

Center for Pharmaceutical Research, Kansas City. Mo.; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia

VIR-7831

Plant-based adjuvant vaccine

Medicago; GSK; Dynavax

Phase 2/3

Medicago

Name not announced

Recombinant vaccine

Anhui Zhifei Longcom Biopharmaceutical, Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences

Phase 2

Various

ZyCoV-D

DNA vaccine (plasmid)

Zydus Cadila

Phase 2

Zydus Cadila

No name announced

Adjuvanted protein subunit vaccine

Phase 1/2

AG0301-COVID19

DNA vaccine

AnGes, Inc.

Phase 1/2

AnGes, Inc.; Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development

BBIBP-CorV

Inactivated vaccine

Beijing Institute of Biological Products; China National Pharmaceutical Group (Sinopharm)

Phase 1/2

Henan Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention

EpiVacCorona

Peptide vaccine

Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology

Phase 1/2

Federal Budgetary Research Institution State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology

GX-19

DNA vaccine

Genexine

Phase 1/2

LNP-nCoVsaRNA

Self-amplifying RNA vaccine

Imperial College London

Phase 1/2

ARCT-021 (LUNAR-COV19)

Self-replicating RNA vaccine

Arcturus Therapeutics and Duke-NUS Medical School

Phase 1/2

Name not announced

Protein subunit vaccine

Sanofi; GlaxoSmithKline

Phase 1/2

No name announced

Inactivated vaccine

Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Institute of Medical Biology

Phase 1/2

AdimrSC-2f

Protein subunit vaccine

Adimmune

Phase 1

bacTRL-Spike

Monovalent oral vaccine (bifidobacteria)

Symvivo

Phase 1

COVAX-19

Monovalent recombinant protein vaccine

Vaxine Pty Ltd.

Phase 1

CVnCoV

mRNA-based vaccine

CureVac

Phase 1

DelNS1-2019-nCoV-RBD-OPT1

Replicating viral vector

Xiamen University, Beijing Wantai Biological Pharmacy

Phase 1

GRAd-COV2

Adenovirus-based vaccine

ReiThera; Leukocare; Univercells

Phase 1

UQ-CSL V451

Protein subunit vaccine

CSL; The University of Queensland

Phase 1

No name announced

Adenovirus-based vaccine

ImmunityBio; NantKwest

Phase 1

Phase 1

SCB-2019

Protein subunit vaccine

GlaxoSmithKline, Sanofi, Clover Biopharmaceuticals, Dynavax and Xiamen Innovax; CEPI

Phase 1

Linear Clinical Research (Australia)

UB-612

Multitope peptide-based vaccine

COVAXX

Phase 1

United Biomedical Inc. (UBI)

V590

Recombinant vaccine (vesicular stomatitis virus)

Merck; IAVI

Phase 1

V591

Measles vector vaccine

University of Pittsburgh’s Center for Vaccine Research

Phase 1

University of Pittsburgh; Themis Biosciences; Institut Pasteur

VXA-CoV2-1

Recombinant vaccine (adenovirus type 5 vector)

Vaxart

Phase 1

Vaxart

AAVCOVID

Gene-based vaccine

Massachusetts Eye and Ear; Massachusetts General Hospital; University of Pennsylvania

Pre-clinical

AdCOVID

Intranasal vaccine

Altimmune

Pre-clinical

University of Alabama at Birmingham

ChAd-SARS-CoV-2-S

Adenovirus-based vaccine

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

Pre-clinical

Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis

HaloVax

Self-assembling vaccine

Voltron Therapeutics, Inc.; Hoth Therapeutics, Inc.

Pre-clinical

HDT-301

RNA vaccine

University of Washington; National Institutes of Health Rocky Mountain Laboratories; HDT Bio Corp

Pre-clinical

LineaDNA

DNA vaccine

Takis Biotech

Pre-clinical

MRT5500

Recombinant vaccine

Sanofi, Translate Bio

Pre-clinical

No name announced

Ii-Key peptide COVID-19 vaccine

Generex Biotechnology

Pre-clinical

No name announced

Protein subunit vaccine

University of Saskatchewan Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre

Pre-clinical

No name announced

mRNA-based vaccine

Chulalongkorn University’s Center of Excellence in Vaccine Research and Development

Pre-clinical

No name announced

gp96-based vaccine

Heat Biologics

Pre-clinical

No name announced

Inactivated vaccine

Shenzhen Kangtai Biological Products

Pre-clinical

PittCoVacc

Recombinant protein subunit vaccine (delivered through microneedle array)

UPMC/University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Pre-clinical

T-COVIDTM

Intranasal vaccine

Altimmune

Pre-clinical