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World COVID Meter 12th March 2021 Acute manageable immunogenic thrombogenic inflammatory contagious novel viral disease pandemic

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Dr KK Aggarwal    12 March 2021

Cases: 1M April 2, 2M April 15, 3M April 27, 4M May 8, 5M May 20, 6M May 30, 7M June 7, 8M June 15, 9M June 22, 10M June 29th, 11M July 4, 12M July 8, 13M July 13, 14M July 17, 15M July 23, 16M July 25, 17M July 29, 18M August 1, 19M August 6, 20M August 10, 21M August 16, 22M August 19, 23M August 21, 24M August 27, 25M August 30, 26M September 3, 27M September 7, 28M September 10, 29M September 14, 30M September 18, 31M September 21, 32M September 23, 33M September 28, 34M October 1, 35M October 4, 36M October 8, 37M October 11, 38M October 14, 39M October 17, 40M October 19, 41M October 22, 42M October 24, 43M October 26, 44M October 28, 45M October 30, 46M November 2, 47M November 4, 48M November 6, 49M November 7, 50M November 8, 51M November 10, 52M November 12, 53M November 14, 54M November 15, 55M November 17, 56M November 19, 57M November 20, 58M November 22, 59M November 24, 60M November 25, 61M November 27, 62M November 29, 63M December 1, 64M December 2, 65M December 4, 66M December 6, 67M December 7, 68M December 9, 69M December 10, 70M December 12, 71M December 13, 72M December 14, 73M December 15, 74M December 17, 75M December 19, 76M December 20, 77M December 22, 78M December 23, 79M December 26, 80M December 27, 81M December 29, 82M December 30, 83M December 31, 84M January 2, 85M January 4, 86M January 6, 87M January 7, 88M January 8, 89M January 9, 90M January 10, 91M January 12, 92M January 14, 93M January 15, 94M January 17, 95M January 18, 96M January 20, 97M January 21, 98M January 23, 99M January 25, 100M January 26, 101M January 29, 102M January 30, 103M February 1, 104M February 4, 105M February 6, 106M February 8, 107M February 11, 108M February 13, 109M February 16, 110M February 18, 111M February 21, 112M February 24, 113M February 28, 114M March 1, 115M March 4, 116M March 6, 117M March 9, 118M March 12

 

Ground Zero: Wuhan - in live animal market or cafeteria for animal pathogens: 10th January; Total cases are based on RT PCR, 67% sensitivity

 

Variants - B 1.1.7 UK, B.1.351 South Africa, P1 Brazil

B.1.1.7 lineage (20I/501Y.V1 VOC 202012/01): This variant carries a mutation in the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein at position 501; asparagine (N) has been replaced with tyrosine (Y) at this position. The mutation is also termed as N501Y. This variant also carries other mutations, including -

  • 69/70 deletion: spontaneously occurred several times; possibly results in a conformational change in the spike protein;
  • P681H: spontaneously occurred several times; near the S1/S2 furin cleavage site.

The variant is tied to heightened transmissibility (more efficient and rapid transmission). In January this year, scientists from Britain pointed that the B.1.1.7 variant may be linked with increased risk of death in comparison with other variants. Early reports do not indicate that the variant affects the severity of disease or vaccine efficacy.

B.1.351 lineage (20H/501Y.V2): This variant carries several mutations in the spike protein, which include K417N, E484K, N501Y. This variant does not carry the 69/70 deletion. The variant was first detected in South Africa, in samples as old as from the start of October last year. Cases have been identified outside of South Africa as well. E484K mutation in this variant may have an impact on neutralization by some polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies.

P.1 lineage (20J/501Y.V3): This variant is a branch off the B.1.1.28 lineage, first identified by the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID) in Japan among four travelers from Brazil. The samples were tested during routine screening at Haneda airport. This variant has three mutations in the spike protein RBD, including K417T, E484K, and N501Y. Evidence indicates that some of the mutations in this variant may have an impact on its transmissibility and antigenic profile, thus affecting the potential of antibodies produced by a natural infection or vaccine to identify and neutralize the virus.

Some consequences of emerging variants:

  • Potential for quicker spread: D614G mutation increases the ability of the virus to spread more quickly compared to the wild-type virus. Laboratory experiments have shown that 614G variants propagate more quickly in human respiratory epithelial cells, and outperform the 614D viruses. Data also suggest that the 614G variant spreads more quickly than viruses without the mutation.
  • Potential to cause milder or more severe disease in people: The 1.1.7 variant may be tied to a heightened risk of death compared to other variants.
  • Potential to evade detection by viral diagnostic tests: 1.1.7 has S gene target failure
  • Diminished susceptibility to therapeutic agents like monoclonal antibodies: 1.1.28
  • Potential to evade natural or vaccine-induced immunity: 1.1.28

Once a large population receives vaccination, immune pressure would likely facilitate and speed up the emergence of such variants by selecting for escape mutants.

[CDC]

 

Coronavirus Cases:

119,099,707

 

Deaths:

2,640,963

Recovered:

94,635,402

ACTIVE CASES

21,823,342

Currently Infected Patients

21,733,373 (99.6%)

in Mild Condition

 

89,969 (0.4%)

Serious or Critical

 

CLOSED CASES

97,276,365

Cases which had an outcome:

94,635,402 (97%)

Recovered / Discharged

 

2,640,963 (3%)

Deaths

 

#

Country,Other

TotalCases

NewCases

TotalDeaths

NewDeaths

TotalRecovered

ActiveCases

Population

 

World

119,099,707

+475,567

2,640,963

+9,588

94,635,402

21,823,342

 

1

USA

29,924,708

+61,579

543,692

+1,501

20,718,176

8,662,840

332,346,783

2

India

11,305,979

+21,668

158,326

+113

10,947,252

200,401

1,389,382,743

3

Brazil

11,284,269

+78,297

273,124

+2,207

9,958,566

1,052,579

213,605,166

4

Russia

4,360,823

+9,270

90,734

+459

3,959,533

310,556

145,977,899

5

UK

4,241,677

+6,753

125,168

+181

3,386,655

729,854

68,133,028

6

France

3,990,331

+27,166

89,830

+265

270,433

3,630,068

65,373,694

7

Spain

3,178,356

+6,255

72,085

+166

2,857,714

248,557

46,767,349

8

Italy

3,149,017

+25,673

101,184

+373

2,550,483

497,350

60,400,064

9

Turkey

2,835,989

+14,046

29,290

+63

2,659,093

147,606

84,966,101

10

Germany

2,546,510

+13,655

73,560

+284

   

  (Source: https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/)

India

11th March: New Cases 21668, New Deaths 113, Total cases 11305979, Total Deaths 158326, Active Cases 200401

10th March: New Cases 22841, New Deaths 134, Total Cases 11284311, Total Deaths 158213, Active Cases 190295

9th March: New Cases 16846, New Deaths 113, Total cases 11261470, Total Deaths 158079, Active Cases 185767

8th March: New Cases 15353, New Deaths 76, Total Cases 11244624, Total Deaths 157966, Active Cases 189172

7th March: New Cases 18691, New Deaths 99, Total Cases 11229271, Total Deaths 157890, Active Cases 190501

6th March: New Cases 18716, New Deaths 98, Total Cases 11210580, Total Deaths 157791, Active Cases 186253

5th March: New Cases 18292, New Deaths 109, Total Cases 11191864, Total Deaths 157693, Active Cases 181997

4th March: New Cases 16824, New Deaths 113, Total Cases 11173572, Total Deaths 157584, Active Cases 177967

3rd March: New Cases 17425, New Deaths 86, Total Cases 11156748, Total Deaths 157471, Active Cases 175044

2nd March: New Cases 15704, New Deaths 110, Total Cases 11139323, Total Deaths 157385, Active Cases 171776

1st March: New Cases 11563, New Deaths 80, Total Cases 11123619, Total Deaths 157275, Active Cases 169786

28th February: New Cases 15616, New Deaths 108, Total Cases 11112056, Total Deaths 157195, Active Cases 170293

27th February: New Cases 17346, New Deaths 117, Total Cases 11096440, Total Deaths 157087, Active Cases 166079

26th February: New cases 16056, New Deaths 109, Total Cases 11079094, Total Deaths 156970, Active Cases 160985

25th February: New Cases 16568, New deaths 119, Total Cases 11063038, Total Deaths 156861, Active Cases 157418

24th February: New Cases 17144, New Deaths 144, Total Cases 11046470, Total Deaths 156742, Active Cases 153257

23rd February: New Cases 13463, New Deaths 100, Total Cases 11029326, Total Deaths 156598, Active Cases 148584

22nd February: New Cases 10792, New Deaths 80, Total Cases 11015863, Total Deaths 156498, Active Cases 148882

21st February: New Cases 13980, New Deaths 79, Total Cases 11005071, Total Deaths 156418, Active Cases 151639

20th February: New Cases 14315, New Deaths 99, Total Cases 10991091, Total Deaths 156339, Active Cases 147214

19th February: New Cases 14587, New Deaths 117, Total Cases 10976776, Total Deaths 156240,

18th February: New cases 12643, New Deaths 85, Total Cases 10962189, Total Deaths 156123, Active Cases 140998

17th February: New Cases 12440, New Deaths 89, Total Cases 10949546, Total Deaths 156038, Active Cases 138802

16th February: New Cases 11795, New Deaths 109, Total Cases 10937106, Total Deaths 155949, Active Cases 138254

15th February: New Cases 9139, New Deaths 76, Total Cases 10925311, Total Deaths 155840, Active Cases 138579

14th February: New Cases 11434, New Deaths 91, Total Cases 10916172, Total Deaths 155764, Active Cases 141325

13th February: New Cases 12188, New Deaths 85, Total Cases 10904738, Total Deaths 155673, Active Cases 139277

12th February: New Cases 12137, New Deaths 104, Total Cases 10892550, Total Deaths 155588, Active Cases 138253

11th February: New Cases 9353, New Deaths 85, Total Cases 10880413, Total Deaths 155484, Active Cases 137578

10th February: New Cases 12760, New Deaths 119, Total Cases 10871060, Total Deaths 155399, Active Cases 144032

9th February: New Cases 10510, New Deaths 85, Total Cases 10858300, Total Deaths 155280, Active Cases 143416

8th February: New Cases 8947, New Deaths 81, Total Cases 10847790, Total Deaths 155195, Active Cases 145690

7th February: New Cases 11673, New Deaths 86, Total Cases 10838843, Total Deaths 155114, Active Cases 150653

6th February: New Cases 11948, New Deaths 72, Total Cases 10827170, Total Deaths 155028, Active Cases 150733

5th February: New cases 11689, New Deaths 94, Total Cases 10815222, Total Deaths 154956, Active Cases 150476

4th February: New Cases 12410, New Deaths 120, Total Cases 10803533, Total Deaths 154862, Active Cases 153270

3rd February: New Cases 12917, New Deaths 107, Total Cases 10791123, Total Deaths 154742, Active Cases 156873

2nd February: New Cases 11000, New Deaths 113, Total Cases 10778206, Total Deaths 154635, Active Cases 161865

1st February: New Cases 8587, New Deaths 94, Total Cases 10767206, Total Deaths 154522, Active Cases 165234

31st January: New Cases 11528, New Deaths 116, Total Cases 10758619, Total Deaths 152428, Active Cases 170203

30th January: New Cases 13065, New Deaths 128, Total cases 10747091, Total Deaths 154312, Active Cases 170670

29th January: New cases 13055, New deaths 137, Total Cases 10734026, Total Deaths 154184, Active cases 171968

28th January: New Cases 18940, New Deaths 162, Total Cases 10720971, Total Deaths 154047, Active Cases 173762

27th January: New Cases 11752, New Deaths 134, Total Cases 10702031, Total Deaths 153885, Active Cases 175328

26th January: New Cases 12569, New Deaths 127, Total Cases 10690279, Total Deaths 153751, Active Cases 178200

25th January:  New Cases 9036, New Deaths 116, Total Cases 10677710, Total Deaths 153624, Active Cases 178808

24th January: New Cases 13239, New deaths 132, Total Cases 10668674, Total Deaths 153508, Active Cases 185992

23rd January: New cases 14891, New deaths 155, Total Cases 10655435, Total Deaths 153376, Active Cases 185963

22nd January: New Cases 14344, New Deaths 154, Total Cases 10640544, Total Deaths 153221, Active Cases 187260

21st January: New cases 14481, New Deaths 161, Total Cases 10626200, Total Deaths 153067, Active Cases 190976

20th January: New Cases 15277, New Deaths 152, Total Cases 10611719, Total Deaths 152906, Active Cases 193650

19th January: New Cases 13795, New Deaths 161, Total Cases 10596442, Total Deaths 152754, Active Cases 198596

18th January: New Cases 9975, New Deaths 137, Total Cases 10582647, Total Deaths 152593, Active Cases 202202

17th January: New Cases 13962, New Deaths 145, Total Cases 10572672, Total Deaths 152456, Active Cases 209519

16th January: New Cases 15051, New Deaths 181, Total Cases 10558710, Total Deaths 152311, Active Cases 210215

15th January: New cases 15151, New Deaths 176, Total Cases 10543659, Total Deaths 152130, Active Cases 212646

14th January: New Cases 15677, New Deaths 189, Total Cases 10528508, Total Deaths 151954, Active Cases 214472

13th January: New Cases 17015, New Deaths 201, Total cases 10512831, Total Deaths 151765, Active Cases 214812

12th January: New cases 15903, New Deaths 200, Total Cases 10495816, Total Deaths 151564, Active Cases 217839

11th January: New cases 12482, New Deaths 166, Total Cases 10479913, Total Deaths 151364, Active Cases 217881

10th January: New cases 16085, New Deaths 150, Total cases 10467431, Total Deaths 151198, Active Cases 224103

9th January: New Cases 18820, New Deaths 213, Total Cases 10451346, Total Deaths 151048, Active Cases 224903

8th January: New cases 18482, New deaths 229, Total Cases 10432526, Total Deaths 150835, Active Cases 225756

7th January: New cases 18106, New Deaths 234, Total Cases 10414044, Total Deaths 150606, Active Cases 226716

6th January: New Cases 20460, New Deaths 221, Total Cases 10395938, Total Deaths 150372, Active Cases 229403

5th January: New cases 17909, New Deaths 265, Total Cases 10375478, Total Deaths 150151, Active Cases 228833

4th January: New Cases 16278, New Deaths 200, Total Cases 10357569, Total Deaths 149886, Active Cases 232343

3rd January: New Cases 16660, New Deaths 215, Total Cases 10341291, Total Deaths 149686, Active Cases 245474

2nd January: New Cases 21222, New Deaths 266, Total Cases 10324631, Total Deaths 149471, Active Cases 248633

1st January: New Cases 17080, New Deaths 187, Total Cases 10303409, Total Deaths 149205, Active Cases 252275

31st December: New Cases 19046, New deaths 244, Total Cases 10286329, Total Deaths 149018, Active Cases 255525

30th December: New cases 21957, New deaths 299, Total Cases 10267283, Total Deaths 148774, Active Cases 258747

29th December: New cases 20529, New Deaths 285, Total Cases 10245326, Total Deaths 148475, Active Cases 263512

28th December: New Cases 16072, New Deaths 250, Total Cases 10224797,  Total Deaths 148190, Active Cases  269840

27th December: New Cases 20333, New Deaths 281, Total Cases 10208725, Total Deaths 147940, Active Cases 278840

26th December: New Cases 18574, New Deaths 280, Total Cases 10188392, Total Deaths 147659, Active Cases 279885

25th December: New cases 22350, New Deaths 251, Total Cases 10169818, Total Deaths 147379, Active Cases 283057

24th December: New Cases 23924, New Deaths 350, Total Cases 10147468, Total Deaths 147128, Active Cases 283142

23rd December: New Cases 24236, New Deaths 302, Total Cases 10123544, Total Deaths 146778, Active Cases 284705

22nd December: New Cases 23886, New Deaths 331, Total Cases 10099308, Total Deaths 146476, Active Cases 290130

21st December: New cases 19174, New Deaths 302, Total Cases 10075422, Total Deaths 146145, Active Cases 293663

20th December: New cases 24589, New Deaths 330, Total Cases 10056248, Total Deaths 145843, Active Cases 305015

19th December: New Cases 26834, New Deaths 342, Total Cases 10031659, Total Deaths 145513, Active Cases 306465

18th December: New Cases 26991, New Deaths 342, Total Cases 10004825, Total Deaths 145171, Active Cases 309731

17th December: New cases 26762, New deaths 342, Total Cases 9977834, Total Deaths 144829, Active Cases 312961

16th December: New Cases 18164, New Deaths 357, Total cases 9951072, Total Deaths 144487, Active Cases 328922

15th December: New cases 26401, New Deaths 384, Total Cases 9932908, Total Deaths 144130, Active Cases 332985

14th December: New Cases 21791, New deaths 353, Total Cases 9906507, Total Deaths 143746, Active Cases 340929

13th December: New Cases 27336, New Deaths 338, Total Cases 9884716, Total Deaths 143393, Active Cases  353715

12th December: New Cases 30354, New deaths 393, Total Cases 9857380, Total Deaths 143055, Active Cases 357446

11th December: New cases 30034, Total cases 9827026, New Deaths 440, Total Deaths 142662, Active Cases 360572

10th December: New Cases 34666, New deaths 487, Total Cases 9796992, Total Deaths 142222, Active Cases 364582

9th December: New cases 26351, New Deaths 337, Total Cases 9762326, Total Deaths 141735, Active Cases 376086

8th December: New Cases 32067, New deaths 404, Total cases 9735975, Total Deaths 141398, Active Cases 379771

7th December: New Cases 27107, New deaths 404, Total Cases 9703908, Total Deaths 140994, Active Cases 385269

6th December: New Cases 32272, New Deaths 374, Total Cases 9676801, Total Deaths 140590, Active Cases 398040

5th December: New cases 36111, New Deaths 480, Total Cases 9644529, Total Deaths 140216, Active Cases 404367

4th December: New Cases 36638, New Deaths 509, Total Cases 9608418, Total Deaths 139736, Active Cases 410679

3rd December: New Cases 38309, New Deaths 570, Total Cases 9571780, Total Deaths 139227, Active Cases 416869

2nd December: New Cases 33761, New Deaths 498, Total Cases 9533471, Total Deaths 138657, Active Cases 424710

1st December: New Cases 36456, New deaths 500, Total Cases 9499710, Total Deaths 138159, Active Cases 429753

30th November:  New Cases 31179, New Deaths 482, Total cases 9463254, Total Deaths 137659, Active Cases 437000

29th November: New Cases 39036, New deaths 444, Total Cases 9432075, Total Deaths 137177, Active Cases 448585

28th November: New Cases 41815, New Deaths 495, Total Cases 9393039, Total Deaths 136733, Active Cases 454837

27th November: New cases 4135 3, New deaths 486, Total Cases 9351224, Total Deaths 136238, Active Cases 456100

26th November: New Cases 43174, New Deaths 491, Total cases 9309871, Total Deaths 135752, Active Cases 456410

25th November: New Cases 44699, New Deaths 518, Total Cases 9266697, Total Deaths 135261, Active Cases 453450

24th November: New cases 44276, New Deaths 489, Total Cases 9221998, Total Deaths 134743, Active Cases 445851

23rd November: New cases 37410, New Deaths  481, Total cases 9177722, Total Deaths 134254, Active Cases 439893

22nd November: New cases 44404, New Deaths 510, Total Cases 9140312, Total Deaths 133773, Active Cases 445095

21st November: New Cases 45295, New deaths 499, Total Deaths 9095908, Total Deaths 133263, Active Cases 442606

20th November: New Cases 46288, New Deaths 562, Total Cases 9050613, Total Deaths 132764, Active Cases 441952

19th November: New Cases 46182, New Deaths 584, Total Cases 9004325, Total Deaths 132202, Active Cases 445107

18th November: New Cases 45439, New Deaths 587, Total Cases 8958143, Total Deaths 131618, Active Cases 444755

17th November: New Cases 38532, New deaths 472, Total Cases 8912704, Total Deaths 131031, Active Cases 448660

16th November: New Cases 28555, New Deaths 450, Total Cases 8874172, Total Deaths 130559, Active Cases 455444,

15th November: New cases 30715, New Deaths 435, Total Cases 8845617 (8.8. Million), Total Deaths 130109, Active Cases 467558

14th November: New Cases 41659, New Deaths 449, Total Cases 8814902, Total Deaths 129674, Active Cases 481491

13th November: New cases 45343, New Deaths 539, Total Cases 8773243, Total Deaths 129225, Active Cases 482551

12th November: New Cases 43861, New Deaths 521, Total Cases 8727900, Total Deaths 128686

11th November: New Cases 48285, New Deaths 549, Total Cases 10703056, Total Deaths 128164

10th November: New Cases 44679, New Deaths 511, Total Cases 8635754, Total Deaths 127615

9th November: New cases 37211, New Deaths 451, Total Cases 8591075, Total Deaths 127104, Active Cases 506765

8th November: New Cases 46661, New Deaths 491, Total Cases 8553864, Total Deaths 126653, Active Cases 511551

7th November: New Cases 46318, New deaths 557, Total cases 8507203, Total Deaths 126162, Active Cases 513750

6th November: New Cases 49851, New Deaths 576, Total Cases 8460885, Total Deaths 125605

5th November: New Cases 47622, New Deaths 675, Total Cases 8411034, Total Deaths 125029, Active Cases 3335730

4th November: New Cases 50465, New Deaths 704, Total Cases 8363412, Total Deaths 124354, Active Cases 528428

3rd November: New Cases 46033, New Deaths 511, Total Cases 8312947, Total Deaths 123650, Active Cases 534540

2nd November: New Cases 37592, New Deaths  497, Total Cases 8266914, Total Deaths 123139, Active Cases 542346

1st November: New Cases 46441, New Deaths 493, Total Cases 8229322, Total Deaths 122642, Active Cases 563775

31st October: New Cases 46715, New Deaths 468, Total Cases 8136166, Total Deaths 122149, Active Cases 571529

30th October: New Cases 48120, New Deaths 550, Total Cases 813666, Total Deaths 121681, Active Cases 583574

29th October: New Cases 49281, New Deaths 568, Total Cases 8088046, Total Deaths 121131

28th October: New cases 49912, New Deaths 509, Total cases 8038765, Total Deaths 120563, Active Cases 603251

27th October: New Cases 42965, New deaths 519, Total Cases 7988853, Total Deaths 120054, Active Cases 611605

26th October: New Cases 36838, New deaths 505, Total Cases 7945888, Total Deaths 119535, Active Cases 627638

25th October: New Cases 45158, New Deaths 463, Total Cases 7909050, Total Deaths 119030, Active Cases 656026

24th October: New Cases 50224, New Deaths 575, Total Cases 7863892, Total Deaths 118567, Active Cases 7075723

23rd October: New Cases 54028, New Deaths 656, Total Cases 7813668, Total Deaths 117992, Active Cases 682107

22nd October: New Cases 54482, New Deaths 683, Total Cases 7759640, Total Deaths 117336, Active Cases 695979

21st October: New cases 56000, New Deaths 703, Total Cases 7705158, Total Deaths 116653, Active Cases 716610

20th October: New Cases 54422, New Deaths 714, Total Cases 7649158, Total Deaths 115950, Active Cases 740658

19th October: New Cases 46498, New Death 594, Total Cases 7594736, Total Deaths 115236, Active Cases 748883

18th October: New Cases 55511, New Deaths 578, Total Cases 7548238, Total Deaths 114642, Active Cases 773701

17th October: New Cases 62092, New deaths 1032, Total Cases 7492727, Total Deaths 114064, Active Cases 784264

16th October: New Cases 65126, New Deaths 886, Total Cases 7430635, Total Deaths 113032, Active Cases 795969

India predictions

  1. Death rate is deaths today vs number of cases today.
  2. Corrected death rate is deaths today vs number of cases 14 days back.
  3. For one symptomatic test positive case, there are 10-30 asymptomatic cases and 20 untested cases.
  4. Estimated number of deaths = Reported deaths x 2.
  5. Number of deaths today should be 15% of the serious patients present 14 days back.
  6. Amongst active cases, 2.37% are serious, 1.82% need oxygen, and 0.41% need ventilator support.

 

Facts

 DENSITY: India: In states with average population density of 1185/sq km, the average number of cases were 2048. On the contrary, in states with population density of 909/sq km, the number of cases were 56. When Chandigarh and Pondicherry were taken out from this group, the Average Density of other states were 217 and the average number of cases were 35. [HCFI]

 

COVID Sutra: COVID-19 pandemic is due to SARS 2 Beta-coronavirus (different from SARS 1 where spread was only in serious cases); with over eleven virus sequences floating; Causes Mild or Atypical Illness in 82%, Moderate to Severe Illness in 15%, Critical Illness in 3% and Death in 2.3% cases (15% of admitted serious cases, 71% with comorbidity< Male > Females); affects all ages but Predominantly Males (56%, 87% aged 30-79, 10% Aged < 20, 3% aged > 80); with Variable Incubation Period days (2-14; mean 5.2 days);  Mean Time to Symptoms 5 days;  Mean Time to Pneumonia 9 days, Mean Time to Death 14 days,  Mean Time to CT changes 4 Days, Reproductive Number R0 1.5 to 3  (Flu 1.2 and SARS 2), Epidemic Doubling Time 7.5 days; Origin Possibly from Bats (Mammal); Spreads via Human to Human Transmission via Large and Small Droplets and Surface to Human Transmission via Viruses on Surfaces for up to three days. Enters through MM of eyes, nose or mouth and the spike protein gets attached to the ACE2 receptors. ACE2 receptors make a great target because they are found in organs throughout our bodies (heart muscle, CNS, kidneys, blood vessels, liver). Once the virus enters, it turns the cell into a factory, making millions of copies of itself, which are then breathed or coughed out and infect others.

 

The most important

  1. Masking is THE prevention
  2. RT PCR Ct is THE test for diagnosis
  3. Zinc is THE Vitamin
  4. Day 5 is THE day in COVID phase for mortality prevention
  5. Day 90 is THE day after which the word COVID ends
  6. Home Isolation is THE modality of Treatment
  7. 12 years is THE age when the mortality starts
  8. CRP is THE lab test for seriousness
  9. Loss of Smell is THE symptom equal to RT PCR test
  10. 15 minutes is THE time to get the infection.

 

 

Numbers to remember

 

  1. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamanetworkopen/fullarticle/2770945: RDW at admission 14.5%

 

 

Other Sutras

  1. Viral particles are seen in tears, stool, kidneys, liver, pancreas, heart, semen, peritoneal fluid, CSF.
  2. Thrombosis: University of Pennsylvania has reported that clots are seen in patients even on blood thinners.
  3. Other human beta-coronaviruses have immunity lasting only for one year with no IMMUNITY PASSPORT.
  4. In absence of interventions, prolonged or intermittent social distancing (till 2022-24) is the key.
  5. Due to low levels of cross immunity from other beta-coronaviruses against SARS-CoV-2, the virus may appear to fade away, only to show resurgence after a few years. Surveillance till 2024.
  6. During peak, trace and treat, and after the peak, trace and treat the close contacts.
  7. Increased spread: Close environment, crowded place with close physical contacts with no ventilation.
  8. Strategies: From community mitigation to individual containment; broader good over individual autonomy; perfect cannot be the enemy of the good; pandemics are fought on the grounds and not the hospitals. Treat the patient and not the test report; consider every surface and every asymptomatic person as virus carrier.
  9. HCW: Direct patient exposure time < 30 minutes; 7 days work and 7 days holidays.
  10. Italy: mortality reduced when they were short of ventilators.
  11. Hospital at HOME: CHF, mild pneumonia, exacerbations of asthma and COPD, cellulitis, and urinary tract infections.
  12. Great Imitator (protean manifestation).
  13. IgM can be false positive in pregnancy, immunological diseases; Pooled tests (<5, 20 Kerala, 64 Singapore RT PCR) when seroprevalence is <2%.
  14. Early treatment, day 3-5, to reduce the viral load and prevent cytokine storm.
  15. Hypoxia: Low flow oxygen <6l/mt, titrated to high flow oxygen using non rebreathing mask, Venturi mask, HFNC and helmet CPAP, NIV in supine or prone position.
  16. Early intubation with prone ventilation only if progressive. Hypoxia (walking dead) have capillary problem and not alveoli.

 

Formulas and Predictions

 

Deaths

  1. The goal is to save lives. Monitoring deaths is important, especially when testing is limited.

 

  1. Daily deaths are the best indicator of the progression of the pandemic, although there is generally a 17- to 21-day lag between infection and deaths.

 

  1. Deaths in symptomatic cases: Less than one percent (best of the care).

 

  1. Therefore, Deaths X 100 = expected number of symptomatic cases

 

  1. Some may count probable or presumptive COVID-19 deaths when cases are not confirmed with a positive test but on the basis of symptoms and medical history. In New York, 3,700 presumptive deaths were added in one day in April when testing was limited.

 

  1. Case fatality rate: Number of total deaths as on date/number of total RT PCR positive cases as on today

 

  1. Infection fatality rate: Number of total deaths as on date/number of total calculated cases as on today

 

  1. Number of reported deaths: Number of confirmed deaths x 2

 

 

Prediction Metrics

 

  1. The University of Washingtons Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME):

 

Is based on what is known about a disease and how peoples actions may affect that.

 

Forecasts are not fixed but change depending on public behavior. When people learn that new cases are rising, they start wearing masks and using social distancing again; and when they realize that fresh cases are dropping, they tend to drop their guard.  IHME makes use of real-time infection data from Johns Hopkins Universitys Coronavirus Resource Center to represent disease transmission and estimate how many Americans will die. The researchers then estimate how many Americans are wearing masks or using social distancing, which can modulate the final model.

 

The rate of infection in a population is based on the "R0," or reproduction number. R0 represents the average number of people who will contract the infection from a single infected person, in a population thats never been witness to the disease before. If R0 is 3, it suggests that one case will create an average of three new cases. When that transmission rate of infection occurs at a specific time, its called an "effective R," or "Rt."  R0 less than 1 means the epidemic is under control; and when its higher than 1, it is still spreading.

 

IHME found the "effective R over 1 in Oklahoma. In all other states the effective R was found to be less than 1.”

 

  1. CDC: Relies on positive tests results. CDCs report these as confirmed cases. The positivity rate suggests how tough or easy it is to find a case, which is an indicator of both the spread of COVID-19 and how widespread testing is. If the rate of positive tests is 20%, one doesn’t have to look hard to find a case, compared to 1%, which means that one has to do a lot of tests to get a positive one. The more COVID-19 spreads, the higher the positivity rate. A 60% positivity rate may suggest that testing is only being done in a nursing home during an outbreak or a hospital where the most apparent cases are and not the general population where cases may be milder.

 

  1. Marylands COVID-19 dashboard: It reports the daily positivity percentage (percentage of positive tests and total testing volume since March). While looking at testing, one wants to know how many tests were done historically with the ability to compare and understand if the number has increased or declined or is stable and the percentage that is positive. Maryland and Pennsylvania report a 7-day rolling average of the daily positivity percentages. The 7-day average rate better indicates a trend as compared to daily numbers.

 

  1. The testing numbers often fluctuate, depending on where testing is done and when the labs report test results. A sudden surge in testing numbers may point to a large number of tests done in a group setting such as a nursing home or prison on a single day. Laboratories and hospitals report test results on weekdays, so the numbers can decline on weekends.

 

  1. A major goal during the coronavirus epidemic has been to flatten the curve to maintain local hospital capacity. After expected COVID-19 surges, many hospitals limited surgeries and admissions to preserve their resources, including hospital beds, ventilators, and healthcare personnel.

 

 [WebMD]

 

 

 

Infrastructure Capacity

 

  1. If hospital capacity reaches 80%, we may have to stop admitting patients to prevent the hospital from being overwhelmed.

 

  1. In order to plan for surges and increase capacity: It is required to know the number of people who tested positive and were admitted to the hospital with symptoms of COVID-19.

 

  1. Pennsylvanias COVID-19 dashboard: has a hospital preparedness page that shows the number of hospitalized COVID-19 patients and the number and percentage of available beds by unit, including intensive care, medical/surgical, and airborne isolation.

 

  1. Pennsylvania: Reports the number of ventilators COVID-19 patients and non-COVID-19 patients use every day.

 

  1. Illinois lists the recovery rate: In Illinois, the recovery rate of 95% has been calculated as recovered cases divided by recovered cases plus confirmed deaths. This indicates the quality of medical care and the severity of disease.

[WebMD]

 

Some Numbers

 

  1. Cases will double after the average doubling time of the country at that time

 

  1. Cases expected in the community:

                                                                              Get number of deaths occurring in a five-day period

Estimate the number of infections required to generate these deaths based on the country or area case fatality rate

Compare that to the number of new cases actually detected in the five-day period.

This can then give us an estimate of the total number of cases, confirmed and unconfirmed

  1. Lock down effect: Reduction in cases after average incubation period (5 days)

 

  1. Lock down effect in reduction in deaths: Reduction in number of deaths on day 14 (average time to death of that country)

 

  1. Requirement of ventilators on day 9: 1-3% of number of new cases detected

 

  1. Requirement of future oxygen on day 7: 10% of total cases detected today

 

  1. Number of people which can be managed at home care: 90% of number of cases today

 

  1. Requirement of ventilators: 1-3% of number of cases admitted 7-9 days back

 

  1. Requirement of oxygen beds today: 10% of total cases admitted seven days back

 

  1. Number of unreported or untested cases: Number of reported cases x 10-30 (depending on the country, New York 10, Delhi 23.8, Pakistan 30)

 

  1. Number of asymptomatic cases: For 6 symptomatic cases, 200 asymptomatic cases (CHINA); (1.78 M tests in Hong Kong, 32 asymptomatic cases, 10 symptomatic cases)

 

  1. Oxygen requirement on that day in the hospital at 6am: Number of cases detected to have hypoxia on six minutes walk test.

 

 

Dr KK Aggarwal

President CMAAO, HCFI and Past National President IMA

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