A recent study published in PLoS One investigated systemic factors related to plasma levels of soluble form of (Pro)renin receptor [s(P)RR] in patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). This study recruited 20 type-2 diabetic patients with PDR and 20 age-matched, non-diabetic patients with idiopathic macular diseases, wherein plasma levels of various molecules were measured. In addition, human retinal microvascular endothelial cells were stimulated with several diabetes-related conditions to evaluate changes in gene expression in these patients. The results showed that PDR patients had significantly higher blood sugar and serum creatinine levels than non-diabetic controls. While, protein levels of s(P)RR, prorenin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, complement factor D (CFD), and leucine-rich α-2-glycoprotein 1 (LRG1) markedly increased in the plasma of PDR subjects as compared to non-diabetes; with positive correlations detected between s(P)RR and these inflammatory molecules, but not prorenin. Furthermore, estimated glomerular filtration rate and serum creatinine were correlated with plasma s(P)RR, but not prorenin levels. Among the inflammatory molecules associated with s(P)RR in the plasma, TNF-α, but not CFD or LRG1, application to retinal endothelial cells upregulated the mRNA expression of (P)RR, but not prorenin, whereas stimulation with high glucose enhanced both (P)RR and prorenin expression. The findings of this study hinted towards close correlations between plasma s(P)RR and diabetes-induced factors including chronic inflammation, renal dysfunction, and hyperglycemia in patients with PDR.