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Anti-Inflammatory Intervention: An Experimental Study for Russell's Viper Venom Induced Nephrotoxic Model

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Dr Farhat Nasim and Mentor: Dr Pinaki Mukhopadhyay, Kolkata    29 November 2019

Viper envenomation can jeopardize renal physiology either directly through its nephrotoxic component or via inflammatory mediators or both. Snake venom induced renal complication is associated with high morbidity and mortality (≈30%) despite the ASVS administration. So targeting inflammation soon after the envenomation with some potent anti-inflammatory pharmaceutical agent in snake bite cases can prevent or reduce nephrotoxicity. In the present study we tried to evaluate the potential of anti-inflammatory agent in reducing or preventing the pathophysiological consequences of renal injury in experimental murine model of venom induced nephrotoxicity. Effect of intra peritoneal administration of prednisolone as an anti inflammatory agent was evaluated in murine model of viper venom induced nephrotoxicity. Nephrotoxicity, renal, inflammatory, oxidative and carbonyl stress markers and renal histopathological alterations were assessed in the studied groups. Renal compromise in venom group was confirmed from oliguria, elevated urinary microprotein, decreased urinary creatinine and creatinine clearance. Kidney damage was reaffirmed by signs of tubular injury and glomerular damage with mesangial proliferation in renal histopathological studies (hematoxylin-eosin, picrosirius red and periodic acid-Schiff staining). The renal changes are associated with significant inflammation and oxidative damages accompanied with elevation in neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, CRP, NO, iNOS, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNF-α, TOS, TBARS and methyl glyoxal associated with reduced platelet to lymphocyte ratio, GLO-1 and TAS in animals of venom induced nephrotoxic group which favors a state of acute inflammation and oxidative stress. Administration of prednisolone was found to significantly prevent the above changes in treatment group. Findings of the present study suggests that administration of anti-inflammatory agent can improve/prevent snake venom induced nephrotoxicity and associated inflammatory and redox changes and therefore can be consider for therapeutic purpose.

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