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Biomarkers in Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

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Dr Meena Chhabra, New Delhi    24 November 2018

Biomarkers in the form of antibodies certainly help to establish if an individual is at an increased risk to develop T1DM, but their positivity does not correlate with the progression of the disease. In Indian patients, compared to Caucasians, all four antibodies are negative in almost 30% of the patients. Even if one antibody is positive, the patient is labeled as type 1 A diabetic and if all four antibodies are negative, then the patient is labeled as type 1 B diabetic. Presently, biomarker screening is recommended only in high-risk patients for development of clinical T1DM and it also helps in distinguishing various types of diabetes in young adults. Long-term longitudinal studies are required, starting right from the birth of a newborn, to detect antibodies and predict β-cells autoimmunity in offspring and the first-degree relatives of the T1DM patient.

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