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Dr Amit A Saraf, Mumbai 27 November 2018

Sarcopenia, a previously under-appreciated risk factor for type 2 diabetes in older adults, must be monitored and lifestyle modification for primary and secondary prevention must be done.
Evidence shows that older adults with sarcopenia are at risk of developing T2DM and those with prevalent T2DM show accelerated loss of muscle mass and function that may increase the risk of further metabolic and functional decline. Interventions that reverse or halt the progression of sarcopenia in patients with T2DM are likely to have important health benefits.
Including progressive resistance training in lifestyle modification programs for older patients with sarcopenia, T2DM or both, should be considered.
Exercise programs should be regularly adapted to support ongoing improvements in muscle mass and function.
Ensuring adequate vitamin D status and maintenance of dietary protein intake during energy restriction may optimize the effects of exercise interventions targeting T2DM and sarcopenia in older adults, thereby delaying the onset of morbidity and loss of independence related to both conditions.

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