A new study published in Kidney Blood Pressure Research elaborated on the results of a meta analyses of clinical studies which showed significantly higher risk of Clostridium difficile infection CDI and CDI recurrence in patients with chronic kidney disease as well as increased mortality risk in chronic kidney disease patients with CDI when compared to those without CDI. The article reported that the increased risk of CDI in patients with chronic kidney disease can be caused by frequent antibiotic therapy associated with numerous infections resulting in intestinal microflora dysfunction frequent hospitalizations older age of the patients and an impaired immune system. It was found that among patients hospitalized in nephrology ward highly significant reduction of the CDI incidence was observed after the introduction of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v as CDI prophylaxis. Hence it was inferred that the use of Lactobacillus plantarum 299v could be a promising method of CDI prevention in chronic kidney disease patients hospitalized in nephrology ward.