A new study published in Biochimica et Biophysia acta assessed whether vildagliptin, a DPP-IV inhibitor, prevents fibrosis in white adipose tissue (WAT) in a mouse model of obesity, and investigated the mechanisms underlying this effect. This study evaluated the inhibitory effect of vildagliptin on fibrosis markers on WAT of high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice and on 3T3-L1 cell line of mouse adipocytes treated with a fibrosis inducer, transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1). The results indicated that vildagliptin prevents the increase of fibrosis markers in WAT of HFD-fed mice and reduces blood glucose, serum triglycerides, total cholesterol, and leptin levels. Additionally, in the in vitro study, the inhibition of DPP-IV with vildagliptin, neuropeptide Y (NPY) treatment and NPY Y₁receptor activation prevented extracellular matrix (ECM) deposition and fibrosis markers increase induced by TGFβ1 treatment. Thus, it was concluded that vildagliptin prevents fibrosis formation in adipose tissue in obese mice, at least partially, through NPY and NPY Y₁ receptor activation. Therefore, it was stated that this study highlights the importance of vildagliptin in the treatment of fibrosis that occur in obesity.