A new article published in Pharmacological Research reported on the findings of studies which suggest that the imbalances of the microbial community causes alterations in the intestinal homeostasis, leading to consequent impacts on other systems, vis, metabolic, nervous, cardiovascular, and immune. Further, a number of studies have demonstrated that alterations in the structure and function of gut microbiota play a major part in the pathogenesis and complications of hypertension (HTN) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is known that increased blood pressure (BP) and CKD are two leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease and their treatment can be challenging for the clinicians. In summary, this review described mechanisms whereby gut microbiota (GM) and its metabolites act on downstream cellular targets to contribute to the pathogenesis of HTN and CKD, and the potential therapeutic implications.