A new article published in The Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research investigated whether cardiovascular risk varied according to different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) criteria, using carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), which is an important marker of major cardiovascular events in the later stages of life. Here, the study group included 52 women aged between 18 and 35 years, diagnosed with PCOS; while the control group comprised 45 age-matched healthy women. No significant difference was observed in CIMT levels between the two groups. Furthermore, the CIMT levels in the PCOS group did not differ irrespective of the presence of hyperandrogenism, polycystic ovary-like appearance on ultrasound or oligo/anovulation status. Moreover, when all cases were divided into subgroups according to BMI values, the CIMT values remained comparable between the groups. Thus, it was stated that owing to complex natures of both PCOS and atherosclerosis, the evaluation of CIMT alone may not be sufficient to determine endothelial dysfunction in a reproductive age group.