A new article published in FEMS Microbiology Letters discussed that bacterial vaginosis (BV) is caused by the vaginal dysbacteriosis and an excessive growth of pathogenic bacteria. The authors reported that treatment of BV with antibiotics – specifically, metronidazole or clindamycin, leads to high recurrence rates. This article was based on a review that focused on the pathology of BV and side effects resulting from its standardized treatment. It was stated that extremely dynamic and diverse gut microbiota forms the most intensive microbial system and plays a significant role in the human body. Lactobacilli, a commensal, is mainly dominated in the vaginal tract and aids in preventing dysbiosis and in protecting the vaginal mucosa from pathogen invasion. Owing to similarities in physiological environments of the intestinal tract and vaginal tract and comparable pathological mechanisms of intestinal infection and vaginal infection, the concept of vaginal microbiota transplantation (VMT) was proposed as a potential treatment option for BV.