Medical Voice 25th February 2019
Vaccine travel advise
When Americans are advised travel vaccine to India then why are we not advised travel vaccine when we mone fron Urban India to Rural India or to other states.
- You should be up to date on routine vaccinations while traveling to any destination in India. Some additional vaccines may also be required for travel.
- Routine vaccines: MMR, DPT, polio vaccine, hepatitis B, yearly flu, Pneumonia
- Hepatitis A: One can get hepatitis A through contaminated food or water in India, regardless of where you are eating or staying.
- Typhoid: one can get typhoid through contaminated food or water in India. If you are staying with friends or relatives, visiting smaller cities or rural areas, or if you are an adventurous eater.
- Cholera: CDC recommends this vaccine for adults who are traveling to areas of active cholera transmission.
- Malaria: In areas of high endemicity especially if you are visiting low-altitude areas except none in areas >2,000 m (6,562 ft) in Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, and Sikkim one may go for malaria prphyylaxis
- Japanese Encephalitis: If your trip will last more than a month in areas with JE or rural areas or will be spending a lot of time outdoors, even for trips shorter than a month.
- Rabies: Rabies can be found in dogs, bats, and other mammals in India, so CDC recommends this vaccine for the following groups: Travelers involved in outdoor and other activities (such as camping, hiking, biking, adventure travel, and caving) that put them at risk for animal bites; People who will be working with or around animals (such as veterinarians, wildlife professionals, and researchers); people who are taking long trips and children, because they tend to play with animals, might not report bites, and are more likely to have animal bites on their head and neck.
- Yellow Fever: There is no risk of yellow fever in India.
- Deworming: All should take deworming tablet twice a year ( 10th Feb and 10th august)
How much red meat one can eat in a week?
No more than a burger’s worth of red meat per week, a roughly 90 percent reduction from current levels.
Beware of hospital-acquired infections
- Of every 100 hospitalized patients at any given time, 7 in developed and 10 in developing countries will acquire at least one healthcare-associated infection.
While urinary tract infection is the most frequent healthcare-associated infection in high-income countries, surgical site infection is the leading infection in settings with limited resources, affecting up to one-third of operated patients; this is up to nine times higher than in developed countries.
- In high-income countries, approximately 30% of patients in intensive care units (ICU) are affected by at least one healthcare-associated infection.
- In low- and middle-income countries the frequency of ICU-acquired infection is at least 2─3 fold higher than in high-income countries; device-associated infection densities are up to 13 times higher than in the USA.
- New-borns are at higher risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infection in developing countries, with infection rates three to 20 times higher than in high-income countries.
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