A large number of women across the world suffer from a vaginal infection commonly known as bacterial vaginosis (BV). While the exact etiology is not clearly known, BV is associated with the loss of lactobacilli and overgrowth of pathogenic anaerobic microorganisms within the vaginal lumen. There is an increase in the vaginal pH owing to the reduction in the lactic acid production. Lactobacilli species is replaced with increased population of pathogenic gram-negative anaerobic bacteria such as E. coli, Gardnerella vaginalis, Mycoplasma hominis, and Mycoplasma curtisii.1

Lactic acid is a potential agent that can maintain the acidic vaginal pH and creates an environment that prevents the uncontrolled growth of other bacteria present in the vagina. Topical application of lactic acid can help maintain the acidic pH, prevent the growth of pathogen, and the development of vaginitis or vaginosis clinical symptoms.2

BV has been linked with several factors such as vaginal douching by the use of scented soaps or perfumed bubble bath, multiple sex partners and/or a new sex partner, smoking, etc., which may increase the likelihood of infection in women.1

Therefore, in order to prevent BV, women should avoid douching, and avoid using perfumed/scented products such as soaps, lubricants, pads, tampons, etc.3

Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is another common vaginal infection which is commonly caused by Candida albicans. Several predisposing factors such as oral contraceptive use, pregnancy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus and long‐term broad spectrum antibiotic treatment have been associated with VVC. Alterations in the composition and function of the vaginal microbiota have also been linked with VVC.4

Wearing cotton underwear could help reduce the odds of getting a yeast infection. Antibiotics can also lead to vaginal candidiasis. Therefore, these medicines should be taken only when prescribed by a healthcare provider.5

Therefore, in order to prevent vaginal infections, it is important to follow the following tips:6

• avoid the use of chemicals and scented products,
• avoid douching,
• wash the vaginal area regularly and keep it dry,
• wipe from front to back after a bowel movement,
• wear cotton underwear,
• avoid wearing tight clothing,
• take antibiotics as directed by physician.

References

1. Kumar N, Behera B, Sagiri SS, et al. Bacterial vaginosis: Etiology and modalities of treatment—A brief note. J Pharm Bioallied Sci. 2011 Oct-Dec; 3(4): 496–503.
2. Haya J, García A, López-Manzanara C, et al. Importance of Lactic Acid in Maintaining Vaginal Health: A Review of Vaginitis and Vaginosis Etiopathogenic Bases and a Proposal for a New Treatment. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology 2014;4:787-799.
3. Available at: https://www.vpul.upenn.edu/shs/files/bacterial_vaginosis.pdf.
4. Cassone A. Vulvovaginal Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, immunity and vaccine prospects. BJOG 2015;122(6):785-94.
5. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/fungal/diseases/candidiasis/genital/index.html.
6. Available at: https://www.saintlukeskc.org/health-library/preventing-vaginitis.