The purpose of a new study published in The Journal of Infectious Diseases was to examine the clearance and health implications of rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT). This study was conducted at the municipal STD clinic in Seattle between 2017 and 2018. In this 8-week prospective study, 50 women at high risk for urogenital CT were recruited. Women received standard CT treatment at enrollment; women self-collected daily rectal and vaginal specimens for nucleic acid amplification testing (NAAT) and completed weekly sexual exposure diaries. CT culture was carried out on the enrollment rectal specimen. Among the participants, 26% tested positive for vaginal and/or rectal CT. In addition, 60% of women with rectal CT per NAAT were culture-positive. Median time to CT clearance after azithromycin treatment was 8 days for vaginal CT and 7 days for rectal CT. Meanwhile, 8 women with rectal CT at enrollment had at least one rectal CT-positive NAAT after clearance of the initial infection; none reported anal sex. The results showed that a majority of the NAAT-positive rectal infections were culture-positive, suggesting active infection. Time to NAAT clearance of rectal and genital tract CT was similar and intermittent rectal CT positivity was common in the absence of anal sexual exposure. Hence, it was concluded that the cause of recurrent or intermittent rectal CT and the clinical implications of these infections require further study.