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The Pregnant Patient: Managing Common Acute Medical Problems.

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eMediNexus    30 March 2019

A recent article published in American Family Physician reported that women often visit primary care physicians for common acute conditions during pregnancy. These conditions could either be triggered by pregnancy (obstetric problems), worsened by pregnancy (obstetrically aggravated problems) or may require special consideration during pregnancy because of maternal or fetal risks (non-obstetric problems). The authors stated that primary care physicians should know the differential diagnosis for common conditions during pregnancy and should be able to identify important findings of obstetric and urgent non-obstetric problems. Although a family physician can evaluate and treat most non-obstetric problems, obstetric problems require referral to a primary maternity care clinician. Routinely assessing all-cause red flag symptoms and signs while remaining aware of estimated gestational age is recommended, as this allows for high-quality care and shared decision making between the family physician and pregnant patient. Furthermore, when treating common causes of nausea and epigastric pain or gastroesophageal reflux, lifestyle modifications are considered the safest and first-choice therapy, followed by well-established low-risk therapies like vitamin B6 (pyridoxine) and doxylamine for nausea and antacids not containing salicylates (found in bismuth combination products) for gastroesophageal reflux. Even other common conditions during pregnancy are best treated with low-risk therapies, for instance, using antihistamines or topical steroids for rashes; first-generation cephalosporins or amoxicillin for cystitis; and physical therapy and acetaminophen for low back pain and headaches.

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