In an in vitro study reported August 30 2017 in the journal Science Advances the combination of ceftazidime with avibactam markedly killed rapidly growing intracellular and semidormant Mycobacterium tuberculosis though neither ceftazidime nor avibactam alone killed the bacteria. Most clinical strains from MDR XDR multidrug resistant and extensively drug resistant TB patients were susceptible to ceftazidime avibactam combination.