A new article published in Legal Medicine discussed that Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome is a rare pathology that may cause neonatal death shortly after delivery. This outcome causes emotional distress in the parents; besides it generates medical malpractice claims, questioning why the syndrome was not identified and/or correctly treated. The findings of a review of cases in which Congenital High Airway Obstruction Syndrome caused death of the baby shortly after deliveryidentified certain ultrasonographic and anatomical reasons for its frequent anomalous identification/treatment. These factors were – negative prenatal ultrasonography, recurrence of non-specific findings at prenatal ultrasonography, connection of respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts, tracheal agenesis or atresia, parents disagreement towards post-partum therapeutic procedures and multiple malformations of the fetus/child. Hence, it was inferred that death shortly after delivery is usually caused by specific conditions that are not influenced by healthcare teams practice.