A new article published in Microbial Drug Resistance discussed that tuberculosis (TB) is a major issue in global health and affects millions of people each year. Multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) annually causes many deaths worldwide. Development of a way to diagnose and treat patients with MDR-TB can potentially reduce the incidence of the disease. This article elaborated on a study that reviewed the risk factors, pattern of progression, mechanism of resistance, and interaction between bacteria and the host immune system, which disrupts the immune response. The study also targeted the components of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and diagnosis and treatment options that could be available for clinical use in the near future. The authors stated that mutations play an important role in development of MDR-TB and the selection of appropriate mutations can help to understand the type of resistance in patients to anti-TB drugs. Therefore, they can be initially treated with proper and effective therapeutic choices, which can accelerate the course of treatment and improve patient health. It was concluded that targeting the components and enzymes of Mtb is necessary for understanding bacterial survival and finding a way to destroy the pathogen and allow patients to recover faster and prevent the spread of disease, especially the resistant strains.