A new study published in Current Pediatric Reviews presented a narrative review that analyzed the available literature to investigate the correlation between microbiome of the gut, airways, genital tractand skin and the development of allergic diseases and with special focus on pediatric studies. The data showed interpersonal differences in the composition of microbiome and these differences suggest a link between the microbiome, immune modulation and the pathogenesis of allergic diseases. Evidence suggests that the composition of the microbiome in fetal and neonatal periods plays a key role in the development of the immune system. The mode of delivery, breastfeeding duration, childhood spent in rural environments and/or in contact with animals result in a greater biodiversity of the microbiome with the presence of protective species that reduce the activation of Th2 lymphocytes, involved in allergic reactions. The authors stated thatfurther studies are essential in order to better understand the microbiota role in the pathogenesis of atopy and whether specific probiotics and prebiotics, administered orally or topically, can affect the microbiota composition and modulate immune system functions, producing a therapeutic effect in the treatment of allergic diseases. From the results, it was inferred that the skin, gut or lung dysbiosis can be a cofactor in the pathogenesis of allergies and remodulation of the microbiome has become an important therapeutic challenge in atopy.