Allergic fungal rhinosinusitis (AFRS) – a form of chronic rhinosinusitis, is characterized by eosinophilic nasal polyps, allergic mucin detected in the sinuses during surgery and specific features on computerized tomography. The goal of a new study published in the American Journal of Otolaryngology was to newly investigate the prognostic role—in terms of the recurrence rate—of preoperative blood eosinophil and basophil levels in AFRS. In this study, a consecutive series of 17 adult patients who underwent endoscopic sinus surgery for AFRS was retrospectively assessed. The findings showed that sinonasal polyps recurred in sevenout of 17 patients. In the study cohort, a significant positive correlation emerged between blood eosinophil and basophil counts, but not between blood and tissue eosinophil counts. Statistical analysis found significantly higher blood eosinophil and basophil levels in AFRS patients who relapsed than in those who did not.From the results, it was concluded that blood eosinophil and basophil levels warrant testing in further prospective and larger (preferably multi-institutional) investigations, as a part of the preoperative work-up for patients with AFRS, in order to administer dedicated postoperative medical treatments for those at a higher risk for relapse.