The aim of a new study published in Kidney Blood Pressure Research was to establish the association between environmental particulate matter and carpal tunnel syndrome CTS among patients undergoing hemodialysis HD . This study recruited 866 maintenance hemodialysis MHD patients treated at the outpatient HD centers. Senior neurologists diagnosed the presence of CTS while air pollution levels were recorded by a network of 27 monitoring stations near or in patients living areas. The findings revealed that HD duration the normalized protein catabolic rate nPCR hypoalbuminemia albumin 4 g dl and the mean previous 12 month environmental PM2.5 particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter of 2.5 mm were positively associated with CTS. Additionally HD duration nPCR hypoalbuminemia albumin 4 g dl and the mean previous 24 month environmental PM2.5 were positively associated with CTS. While HD duration hypoalbuminemia albumin 4 g dl and previous 12 month PM2.5 excess days were positively associated with CTS. Furthermore HD duration nPCR hypoalbuminemia albumin 4 g dl and previous 24 month PM2.5 excess days were positively associated with CTS. Thus it was concluded that PM2.5 levels and PM2.5 excessing days were positively correlated with CTS.