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Antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis

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eMediNexus    27 January 2020

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is marked by a rapid loss of mineralized bone tissue. Although hormone replacement therapy is beneficial in preventing bone loss, it is associated with several side-effects.

A study by Potu and colleagues assessed the effect of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. (CQ) on an osteoporotic model developed by ovariectomy. Investigators divided healthy experimental models into four groups (six models in each group). Group 1 was sham operated while the other three groups were ovariectomized. Group 2 was given equivolume of saline and constituted ovariectomized controls (OVX). Groups 3 and 4 received raloxifene (5.4 mg/kg) and petroleum-ether extract of CQ (500 mg/kg), respectively, for a period of 3 months. Weight, morphology of femur, and histochemical localization of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (osteoblastic marker) and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) (osteoclastic marker) in upper end of femur were assessed.

It was shown that the petroleum-ether extract of CQ had the potential to reduce bone loss, shown by the weight gain in femur. The extract also decreased the osteoclastic activity, thus assisting in bone formation in comparison with the OVX group. The osteoclastic activity was confirmed by TRAP staining, and bone formation was assessed by ALP staining in the femur. Ovariectomy significantly reduced femoral weight in comparison with SHAM group. Treatment with raloxifene and CQ led to a significant increase in the femoral weight. Compared to group 1, group 2 had a significant rise in ALP levels at the end of 3 months following ovariectomy. Groups 3 and 4 exhibited a further rise in ALP levels following administration of raloxifene and CQ (Fig. 1). Additionally, in comparison with group 1, group 2 showed a significant increase in TRAP levels at the end of 3 months following ovariectomy. Groups 3 and 4 exhibited a significant fall in TRAP levels following administration of raloxifene and CQ (Fig. 2).

Fig. 1. Alkaline phosphatase staining intensity score in study groups

 

Fig. 2. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining intensity score in study groups

 

CQ was thus found to be effective on both the enzymes and has a role in prevention of bone loss. It can, therefore, play a potential role in the prevention and treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis.

Reference

  1. Potu BK, Rao MS, Nampurath GK, et al.Evidence-based assessment of antiosteoporotic activity of petroleum-ether extract of Cissus quadrangularis Linn. on ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis.Ups J Med Sci. 2009;114(3):140-8.

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