A study published in the Circulation Journal analysed the effect of rosuvastatin on cholesterol efflux (CE) for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) function and vascular health in 30 dyslipidemic patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and 20 healthy subjects as controls. The biomarkers related to lipid and glucose metabolism and lipoprotein (a), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) were remarkably higher, and cholesterol efflux (CE) and flow-medicated dilation (FMD) were considerably lower in dyslipidemic patients than in the controls. Moreover, rosuvastatin 20 mg decreased low-density lipoprotein cholesterol by 54.1% and increased HDL-C by 4.8% in these patients. The CE increased significantly after rosuvastatin treatment (12.26 ± 2.72% vs. 14.05 ± 4.14%). Increase in FMD, and decrease in lipoprotein (a) and cIMT were reported, and were associated with changes of CE. Thus, rosuvastatin-induced changes in HDL function seem to provide cardiovascular benefit.