Both maternal antiretroviral therapy (mART) and prolonged infant nevirapine prophylaxis (iNVP) safely help to prevent breastfeeding mothers from passing HIV-1 to their infants, suggest long-term data from the PROMISE trial published in the Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. Mother-child pairs were enrolled 6 to 14 days postpartum and randomly assigned to receive mART or iNVP. Treatment continued for up to 18 months after delivery. Seven infants in each study arm became infected with HIV (<0.6% in both groups). HIV-free survival at 24 months was 97.1% with mART and 97.7% with iNVP.