The goal of a new study published in Journal of the American Heart Association was to ascertain whether serum bilirubin would have a prognostic impact on survival of patients with regular peritoneal dialysis. This study used the Taiwan Renal Registry Data System to retrieve data set of 3704 patients, 44% males with a mean age of 53.5 years, on regular peritoneal dialysis from 2005-2012. These patients were divided according to their baseline serum total bilirubin levels (<0.3, 0.3-0.4, 0.4-0.5, 0.5-0.6, and >0.6 mg/dL). It was observed that serum total bilirubin level was linearly related to age, incidence of hypertension, and type-2 diabetes mellitus. At the end of the observation period with a mean follow-up of 2.12±1.07 years, there were 30.6% reported deaths. Additionally, serum total bilirubin level and 3-year mortality rate presented a U-shaped relationship. While those with serum total bilirubin 0.5-0.6 mg/dL had the lowest 3-year mortality rate (24%). Furthermore, on adjustment for age, sex, underlying systemic disorders, medications, and laboratory discrepancies, serum total bilirubin persisted to play an independent role for predicting 3-year mortality. From the results, it was inferred that baseline serum total bilirubin level is significantly associated with 3-year mortality among patients receiving regular peritoneal dialysis.