A new study published in the Journal of Diabetes investigated the association between high dietary intake branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and markers of insulin metabolism in adults. This cohort study enrolled 1205 subjects, aged ≥ 20 years, who were followed-up for a mean duration of 2.3 years. Dietary intakes of BCAAs including valine, leucine, and isoleucine were determined, using a valid and reliable food-frequency questionnaire. The results showed that the incidence of hyperinsulinemia, β-cell dysfunction, insulin insensitivity, and insulin resistance (IR) was 19.5, 24.0, 28.0, and 12.5%, respectively. After adjustment for confounding variables, subjects in the highest tertile of intakes of total BCAAs, leucine, and valine had greater risk of incident IR when compared to those in the lowest one. On the other hand, higher intakes of isoleucine were not associated with risk of incident IR. In addition, total BCAAs, leucine, isoleucine, and valine intakes were not associated with risk of hyperinsulinemia, insulin insensitivity, and β-cell dysfunction. It was stated that the findings of this study support the hypothesis that higher intakes of BCAAs may have adverse effects on development of IR.