COVID 19 affects the immune system by producing a systemic inflammatory response or cytokine release syndrome. An increased level of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines is observed in patients with COVID 19. There is no doubt that nutrition is an essential factor in maintaining good health. Main dietary ingredients including vitamins C, D, E, zinc, selenium, and omega 3 fatty acids have considerable immunomodulatory effects. They have been beneficial in infectious diseases. Some of these have a potential role in the management of COVID 19. 

Currently, there are no approved treatments for COVID 19 other than prevention strategies such as social distancing, public hygiene, and the use of facial masks in reducing COVID 19. Based on current evidence, it has been highlighted that nutritional supplementation plays a supportive role in COVID 19 patients. The administration of higher than recommended daily doses of nutrients such as vitamins D, C, E, zinc, and omega 3 fatty acids is associated with benefits in SARS-CoV-2 treatment. It reduces the viral load and duration of hospitalization. All these nutrients also possess antioxidant properties and immunomodulatory effects. 

Besides, dietary insufficiency of vitamins and minerals has been seen in high-risk groups of CVID 19 patients, such as the elderly. Adequate nutritional supplements will help in improving immunity in this group of patients with compromised immunity. Considering the negligible risk profile of supervised nutritional supplementation, intake of these critical vitamins (C,D,E) and minerals (zinc) can help people at risk of and suffering from COVID 19. 

Reference: Shakoor H, Feehan J, Dhaheri ASA, Ali HI, et al.Maturitas. 2021; 143:1-9.