Exercise-induced oxidative stress is linked with the expression level of endogenous antioxidants. However, these antioxidants cannot overcome all cellular damages caused by oxidative stress. Sometimes, compounds are needed for cellular function—which are produced or activated within the cells. These compounds can be synthesized through various exercises, especially high-performance exercises.

Taurine – a sulfur-containing amino acid, is used for various physiological functions. Recent findings suggest that the taurine level is increases during exercise performance—and this confers lesser oxidative damage in overused muscles. Furthermore, short-term supplementation with taurine can increase physiological performance during high-intensity exercise. 

While the precursor of taurine – cysteine, is used in the synthesis of other compounds like GSH and Coenzyme A—important for regulating the redox system and energy homeostasis. Taurine reverses muscle function under overuse conditions in multiple ways– by controlling mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production; regulating membrane potential; preventing DNA damage; and inducing muscle regulatory proteins. Moreover, optimal ROS generation due to exercise may facilitate the synthesis of taurine in various ways. 

Future studies should be directed towards the mechanism that drives ROS-induced effects in combination with taurine supplementation.

Source: Frontiers in Physiology. 2020; 11: 582449. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2020.582449