A new study published in StatPearls stated that electrolytes are essential for basic life functioning – maintaining electrical neutrality in cells, generating and conducting action potentials in the nerves and muscles. The major physiological electrolytes are – sodium, potassium, and chloride, along with magnesium, calcium, phosphate and bicarbonates. These are derived from food and fluids. 

Electrolyte imbalance can occur; high or low levels of electrolytes disrupt normal bodily functions and may even predispose to life-threatening complications. In cases where an electrolyte imbalance is suspected, serum electrolyte panel can be ordered. Other indications for this test are:

• During routine blood investigations.
• For hospitalized and ICU patients who are on medications, fluid therapy and diet changes.
• Any illness that can cause electrolyte disturbances, such as – malnutrition, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiac disorders, kidney dysfunction, endocrine disorders, circulatory disorders, lung disorders or acid-base imbalance.
• Arrhythmias and cardiac arrest.
• Use of diuretics or any medications that can interfere with fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.

Source: Electrolytes. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-.