Several derivatives and formulations of arbutin have been developed and studied for their melanin synthesis inhibitory action. Meanwhile, substances that inhibit melanin synthesis synergistically with arbutin have been explored. Furthermore, skin lightening efficacy of arbutin alone or in combination with other active ingredients has been clinically evaluated.

Evidence suggests that combined therapy with arbutin and laser can render an enhanced depigmenting efficacy. Side effects such as dermatitis, with the use of arbutin are rare. The antioxidant properties of arbutin are proposed to contribute to its skin depigmenting action.

Arbutin is a phytonutrient, and was first derived from plants. The advantages of topical use of arbutin containing products include reduction of melanin content through dose-dependent reduced tyrosinase activity in human melanocytes. Evidence suggests that arbutin can improve solar lentigines in dark skin individuals and has photoprotective action—decrease in UVR-induced hyperpigmentation. Long span use of formulations containing arbutin has shown to reduce skin melanin index and is beneficial in patients with melasma. When used in combination with nicotinamide, arbutin can confer a mean reduction in MASI (melasma area and severity index), apart from improving the skin brightness and overall appearance of hyperpigmentation.

Source: Antioxidants. 2021 Jul 15;10(7):1129.doi: 10.3390/antiox10071129.