Seborrheic keratoses (SKs) are mostly benign skin tumors having high clinical variability. Age remains a known risk factor for SKs, however, the role of UV exposure and immune abnormalities are also debatable. 

Benign disorders are thought to be due to oncogenic mutations and may explain the transformation to the malignant state. Recent researches in molecular pathogenesis guide that inhibition of Akt and APP, and existing treatments for skin cancer, may help benefit SK. 

Dermoscopic criteria help in the accurate detection of SK, along with other noninvasive diagnostic methods, like reflectance confocal microscopy and optical coherence tomography are also witnessing advancements. 

Since SK can mimic malignant tumours, they are often used to train artificial intelligence-based algorithms in the computerized detection of skin disease. These technologies are enhancing their accuracy and will aid in clinical practice. 

Prevailing treatment options for SK may cause discomfort and adverse post-treatment effects. Nitric-zinc and trichloroacetic acid topical may serve as an alternative treatment option. 

Larger, head-to-head trials of emerging laser therapies are warranted to ensure that future treatment standards address diverse patient needs.

Source: Sun MD, Halpern AC, Advances in the Etiology, Detection, and Clinical Management of Seborrheic Keratoses. Dermatology 2021. doi: 10.1159/000517070