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Whats New in Pediatrics

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Dr KK Aggarwal, Group Editor-in-Chief IJCP Group    15 January 2018

  1. A prospective study of 343 children who were discharged from the hospital with an opioid prescription reported that 58% of prescribed doses were not nonfatal episodes of self-harm (e.g., nonsuicidal self-injury, suicide attempts) in pediatric patients are associated with an increased risk of death at a young age (BMJ. 2017;359:j4351.).
  2. Any breastfeeding for at least 2 months nearly halves the risk for SIDS, after controlling for potential confounders (Pediatrics. 2017;140(5).).
  3. A large systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies among individuals aged 14 to 30 years showed that, compared with e-cigarette never-users, ever-users had a higher probability of initiating cigarette smoking (31% versus 8%) (JAMA Pediatr. 2017;171(8):788-97.).
  4. The prevalence of concussion was found to be approximately 20% in a cross-sectional survey of over 13,000 United States middle and high school students (JAMA. 2017;318:1180.).
  5. Higher maternal consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages during pregnancy was associated with increasing adiposity among in-utero exposed school-aged offspring (Pediatrics. 2017;140.).
  6. Interpretation of blood lead levels <5 µg/dL is complicated by an increased risk of specimen contamination arising from blood collection equipment (e.g., needles, blood collection tubes, or cryovials) causing false positives and the inability for many laboratories to quantify low levels of blood lead resulting in false negatives (Pediatrics. 2017;140.).
  7. An observational study reported that treatment with quinolone ear drops, with or without added topical corticosteroids, after tympanostomy tube (TT) placement was associated with increased risk of tympanic membrane perforation compared with treatment with neomycin plus hydrocortisone drops (Clin Infect Dis. 2017;64(8):1052-58.).

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