A prospective, single-centre, observational study analyzed the extent of retinal microvascular dysfunction in patients with chronic heart failure compared to controls. In addition, it established measures of vascular function. It was reported that retinal microvascular dilatation in response to flicker light is impaired in chronic heart failure patients compared to patients with cardiovascular risk factors and healthy controls. Moreover, they suggested that retinal vessel analysis may be a novel and beneficial approach for monitoring microvascular abnormalities in heart failure, non-invasively in an easy and standardized way, the results have been published in the European Heart Journal.