Stem cells are precursor cells that are found in many tissues and possess the ability to differentiate into various types of cells. This property of plasticity have tempted therapeutic implications and caused substantial research in this field in the bygone years, resulting in stem cell therapy being used as a therapeutic modality in many conditions and in the field of dermatology too. Stem cells are classified according to their source and differentiating capacity. In skin, they are found in the interfollicular epidermis, hair follicle, dermis and adipose tissue, which help in preserving normal skin homeostasis and repair and regeneration during injury. These unique properties have prompted their use in the treatment of several dermatoses including systemic sclerosis, systemic lupus erythematosus, scleromyxedema, alopecia, Merkel cell carcinoma, pemphigus Vulgaris, psoriasis, wound healing, epidermolysis bullosa and even aesthetic medicine, with varying success. 

The wide usage of stem cell therapy has made possible curative treatment of disorders previously considered untreatable. Nevertheless, there are multiple gaps that need to be addressed like ideal patient selection, the timing of intervention, appropriate conditioning regimens, post-intervention care and cost-effectiveness. Further investigation into these elements would help optimize the outcomes of stem cell therapy.

Source- Khandpur S, Gupta S, Gunaabalaji DR. Stem cell therapy in dermatology. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2021;87:753-67.