The use of nasal sprays and gargles with antiviral properties may prevent both the progression and transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Many of these antiseptics have demonstrated the ability to cut the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 by 3–4 log10 in 15–30 s in vitro. Several clinical trials are already investigating these interventions both for prevention of transmission, prophylaxis after exposure, and to diminish progression by reduction of viral load in the early stages of infection.

Stathis C. et al. recently conducted a literature review regarding the use of commercially available antiseptics and SARS-CoV-2.

They described the role of Povidone-iodine (betadine), ethanol and essential oils (Listerine), and a combination of xylitol and iota-carrageenan (purified from red marine algae) in reducing the viral load of SARS-CoV-2 in vitro by 3–4 log10 in 30 s. 

Chlorhexidine, a widely used oral rinse, may not act as quickly in reducing viral load in 30 s as povidone-iodine I but binds to cell proteins, extending protection. Furthermore, they mentioned that Hydrogen peroxide is not as effective as other oral rinses in vitro and cell toxicity is a concern.

They also explained that Hypertonic saline is not directly virucidal but halts replication by increasing hypochlorous acid inside the cell.

Thus, several commonly used nasal antiseptics and gargles have shown efficacy against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, and many clinical trials are currently underway to examine their impact on disease course and transmission. It is a need to further evaluate these commercially available products in order to determine whether they can reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses that are yet to appear.

Stathis C, Victoria N, Loomis K, Nguyen SA, Eggers M, Septimus E, Safdar N. Review of the use of nasal and oral antiseptics during a global pandemic. Future microbiology.2021; 16(2): 119–130.