Platelets produce platelet growth factors like platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), hepatocyte growth factor (HGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which are essential in regulating all stages of the wound healing process. These are derived from platelet-rich plasma (PRP). The past five decades have witnessed increased interest and the use of the regenerative properties of platelets in many different fields of medicine globally. PRP and PRF (platelet-rich fibrin) plate preparations witness their usage in: 1. Dentistry (they reduce bleeding, facilitate and accelerate soft tissue healing and bone regeneration – FGF-2, IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β1 and PDGF); 2. Sports medicine (IGF-1, IGF-2, TGF-β, VEGF, PDGF and bFGF, EGF); 3. Dermatology and cosmetology (for treating alopecia, hair reconstruction – FGF-7, HGF, acne scars, skin rejuvenation and regeneration, treatment of chronic and poorly healing wounds, burns and acquired vitiligo); 4. Gynecology and reproductive medicine (for treating infertility, erectile dysfunction – PDGF-β, TGF-β, IGF-1, in sexual dysfunction – PDGF, in vaginal atrophy); 5. Ophthalmology (for healing of corneal epithelial wounds, in treating dormant corneal ulcers, dry eye syndrome and the reconstruction of the corneal surface); 6. Neurology (for regenerating neurons, pain alleviation and clinical symptoms – TGF-β1, IGF-1, PDGF, VEGF and FGF). 

PRP therapy is becoming an exciting alternative and complement to traditional methods of treatment. Yet, the potential for using platelets still needs to be fully understood. Further, its composition relies on many factors that may affect its use′s efficacy and clinical benefits. Further research must standardize PRP delivery preparation procedures and methods for a specific disease entity or clinical case.

Source: Cecerska-Heryć E, Goszka M, Serwin N, et al. Applications of the regenerative capacity of platelets in modern medicine. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 2022;64:84-94.