According to two studies that were published in the journal Diabetologia, children who were born underweight have a higher risk of getting Type-2 diabetes as adults. 

4,590 participants in the first research were tracked for 19 years. It revealed that every 1 kg less in birth weight was linked to 3.3 years less time to the start of diabetes, a lower body mass index, and a smaller waist circumference. With a 36% higher likelihood of having three or more co-morbidities and a 26% higher chance of having a systolic blood pressure exceeding 155 mm Hg (severe hypertension), babies born under 3 kg were also linked to increased total co-morbidity.

It was observed that Age-related increases in Type-2 diabetes incidence were more pronounced in male subjects. Each additional kilogram of birth weight was associated with a 40% lower incidence of Type-2 diabetes, and this trend persisted into the highest birth weights. It dropped linearly with birth weight. Patients with type-2 diabetes who were born with lower birth weights also use more diabetes medications than those who were born with normal birth weights.

The results of the second study, conducted by the same research team, showed that people with low birth weight had a 28 percent higher chance of developing diabetes before age 45 and a 30 percent reduced risk of developing it after age 75. 

Other elements included a reduced incidence of neurological conditions linked to diabetes and a 33 percent higher chance of taking three or more glucose-lowering medications.

(Source:https://www.tribuneindia.com/news/health/low-birth-weight-may-raise-risk-of-type-2-diabetes-later-517049)