A new article published in Frontiers in Medicine reported that human vagina and its microbiota can potentially affect conception, pregnancy, mode and timing of delivery, and the risk of sexually transmitted infections. The authors elaborated that the physiological status of the vaginal milieu plays a key role in the wellbeing of the host as well as in successful reproduction. High estrogen states during puberty and pregnancy help preserve a homeostatic (eubiotic) vaginal microenvironment by stimulating maturation and proliferation of vaginal epithelial cells and the accumulation of glycogen. A glycogen-rich vaginal milieu is a retreat for Lactobacilli proliferation, which is facilitated by the production of lactic acid and decreased pH. Lactobacilli and their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory products in association with components of the epithelial mucosal barrier confer an effective first-line defense against invading pathogens; vis, bacterial vaginosis, aerobic vaginitis-associated bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa. It was therefore stated that an optimal host-microbial interaction is required for the maintenance of eubiosis and vaginal health.