A new systematic review published in the Journal of Pediatrics employed a quantitative approach to evaluate the literature for quantity, quality, and consistency of studies of maternal and infant characteristics with regard to breastfeeding initiation and continuation, and to conduct a meta-analysis to produce summary relative risks (RRs) for selected factors. In this systematic review, PubMed and CINAHL databases were searched through March 2016 to identify relevant observational studies in developed nations, reporting a measure of risk for one or more of the six quantitatively derived, high impact factors relating either breastfeeding initiation or continuation. The high impact factors identified included smoking, mode of delivery, parity, dyad separation, maternal education, and maternal breastfeeding education. Summary RRs for breastfeeding initiation were highest for high versus low maternal education, dyad connection versus not, and maternal nonsmoking versus smoking. Moreover, the findings were similar for breastfeeding continuation. Therefore, despite methodological heterogeneity across studies, relatively consistent results were observed for perinatally identifiable factors associated with breastfeeding initiation and continuation. It was stated that these results may be informative in developing targeted interventions to provide education and support for successful breastfeeding in more families.