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Isolated Gestational Hypothyroxinemia in the Development of Obstetric and Somatic Pathologies.

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eMediNexus    02 November 2018

   The goal of a new study published in Georgian Medical News was to ascertain the significance of isolated hypothyroxinemia in the development of obstetric and somatic pathologies in pregnant women. This prospective study selected 104 pregnant women diagnosed with isolated hypothyroxinemia in the 1st trimester of pregnancy by clinical-laboratory studies for the study group and 58 pregnant females of reproductive age who were not identified to have a thyroid pathology for the control group. All participants completed a questionnaire investigating retrospective medical history data, demographic findings, information on premorbid background, genetic burden of somatic pathology, social-economical factors, and concomitant somatic pathology. The test studies for thyroid status were performed every trimester and after one month postpartum. The results revealed that pregnant women with isolated hypothyroxinemia demonstrated asthenia, dry skin, increased hair loss, and fragile nails, and among somatic disorders - pregnancy-associated vomiting and anemia, more statistically. From concomitant diseases, allergic disorders, primary dysmenorrhea, and spontaneous abortions were found to have the highest incidence rate. Meanwhile, other obstetric complications such as premature delivery and late delivery, were higher in the study group, although a statistically significant difference was not evident. Moreover, isolated hypothyroxinemia in the studied population was mostly found in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, whereas literature data indicated that this condition usually manifests in the second or third trimester. Therefore, it was speculated that iodine deficit was probably present before pregnancy as well in this cohort, which might have been of a higher extent. From the findings, it was concluded that isolated hypothyroxinemia that develops in the first trimester of pregnancy has a negative impact on pregnancy course and outcome despite treatment. It was stated that it is essential to administer iodine preparations together with folic acid at pregravid stage, in addition to a complete elimination of diet abnormalities and to plan the pregnancy in stable normothyroxinemia conditions and at positive energetic balance. Repeated thyroid status evaluation in the first trimester of pregnancy and timely administration of adequate therapeutic measures, in case of finding any pathology, were also recommended.

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