A new study published in BMC Infectious Diseases aimed to determine the frequency of occurrence of sexually transmitted infections due to pathogens other than chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis, which could be associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. This was a nested case-control study, wherein vaginal swabs from 79 pregnant women – 28 Trichomonas vaginalis-positive (cases) and 51 T. vaginalis-negative (controls), were screened by quantitative PCR for Adenovirus 1 and 2, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex virus 1 and 2, Chlamydia trachomatis, Escherichia coli, Haemophilus ducreyi, Mycoplasma genitalium, M. hominis, candidatus M. girerdii, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Streptococcus agalactiae, Treponema pallidum, Ureaplasma parvum, U. urealyticum, and Candida albicans. In addition, the study investigated whether women with pathogens highly associated with T. vaginalis had distinct clinical signs and symptoms compared to those with T. vaginalis mono-infection. The findings revealed that M. hominis was independently associated with T. vaginalis. Meanwhile, M. genitalium and Ca M. girerdii were exclusively detected in women with T. vaginalis. Furthermore, four of the six women co-infected with T. vaginalis and Ca M. girerdii complained of vaginal itching, compared to only 4 out of the 22 women infected with T. vaginalis without Ca M. girerdii. The results confirmed that M. hominis correlated with T. vaginalis and there existed an exclusive association of both, M. genitalium and Ca. M. girerdii with T. vaginalis. Hence, it was suggested that screening and treatment of these pathogens should be considered in women with sexually transmitted infections and with similar urogenital syndromes as chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, and trichomoniasis infections.