A new study published in Nutritional Neuroscience investigated the relationship between maternal B vitamin intake during pregnancy and behavioral problems in Japanese children aged 5 years. This was a pre-birth cohort study which enrolled 1,199 mother-child pairs. Dietary intake of the participants was assessed using a diet history questionnaire. Emotional problems, conduct problems, hyperactivity problems, peer problems, and low prosocial behavior were examined using the Japanese parent-report version of the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire. The findings revealed that maternal folate intake during pregnancy was independently and inversely associated with childhood low prosocial behavior. Additionally, maternal vitamin B6 intake during pregnancy was independently and inversely related to childhood hyperactivity problems and low prosocial behavior. Furthermore, maternal vitamin B2 intake during pregnancy was independently and inversely associated with childhood emotional problems. Thus, it was concluded that maternal intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B2 during pregnancy may be protective against childhood low prosocial behavior, hyperactivity problems and low prosocial behavior, and emotional problems, respectively.