A new study published in the European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases investigated the risk factors and pregnancy outcomes for aerobic vaginitis (AV) in late pregnancy. This case-control study included 624 pregnant women who were treated in the perinatal unit of a hospital and 365 non-pregnant women who were evaluated at a health management center, from January 2015 to June 2016. All pregnant women participated in a questionnaire relating personal hygiene habits and sociodemographic factors; the risk factors for AV were analyzed. Bacterial vaginosis, AV, vulvovaginal candidiasis, and Trichomonas vaginitis were scored according to standardized definitions. The results revealed that the prevalence of vaginal infection in pregnant and non-pregnant women were 27.9% and 15.3%, respectively. Moreover, AV was identified more frequently in pregnant women than in non-pregnant women (4.2% versus 1.4%). A history of vaginal infection within one year and external hemorrhoids were independent risk factors for AV during pregnancy. Additionally, a higher incidence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) was significantly associated with AV. From the findings, it was inferred that AV is common in late pregnancy. Hence, it was suggested that clinicians should pay more attention to vaginal microbiota evaluations during pregnancy.