The goal of a new study published in the Indian Journal of Dermatology was to ascertain the laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of vaginal/cervical discharge (VCD) and their relative frequency in a group of patients presenting to a sexually transmitted infections (STIs) clinic in eastern India, and to determine the sensitivity and specificity of clinical diagnosis. In this cross-sectional study, data of 5,301 consecutive patients with VCD were analyzed for etiological diagnosis, and the findings were compared with laboratory data of 3,110 asymptomatic cases. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of clinical diagnosis of vaginal discharge syndrome were obtained considering the results of the laboratory diagnosis as gold standard. The findings revealed that of the 5,301 cases with VCD, 90.83% had either STIs or reproductive tract infections (RTIs). Among these, the most prevalent infection was trichomoniasis (35.23%), followed by bacterial vaginosis (33.05%) and vulvovaginal candidiasis (19.67%). Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of vaginal discharge as an indicator of STI/RTI were 85.5%, 99.0%, 99.3%, and 80%, respectively. Meanwhile, many patients with VCD also suffered from other STIs such as herpes simplex virus-2, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency syndrome, and syphilis; some asymptomatic cases suffered from one or more STIs. Hence, it was concluded that all patients with VCD with high-risk behavior should preferably undergo laboratory evaluation of the VCD syndrome to avoid over- or under-treatment.