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CNGOF Perineal Prevention and Protection in Obstetrics Guidelines.

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eMediNexus    15 December 2018

The purpose of a new study published in Gynecology Obstetrics Fertility & Senology was to evaluate whether interventions performed during labor could influence the risk of perineal tears. This review entailed a separate keyword search for each medical intervention during labor, performed by selecting only studies evaluating perineal consequences, specifically, the risk of obstetrical anal sphincter injury (LOSA). From the results, the following conclusions were drawn: maternal mobilization and postures during the first stage of labor does not reduce the risk of Obstetrical Anal Sphincter Injuries (OASIS). No particular posture has demonstrated superiority during the second stage of labor for preventing obstetric perineal lesions including OASIS and postnatal incontinence – urinary or fecal. Women should be allowed to choose the position most comfortable for them during the first and second stages of labor. Posterior cephalic positions present the greatest risks of perineal injury. For fetuses in posterior cephalic positions, no data justifies a preference for manual rotation at full dilation to diminish the risk of perineal injury. Urinary catheterization is recommended for women with epidural analgesia during labor when spontaneous micturition is not possible. During the second stage phase, delayed pushing does not modify the risk of OASIS, but it does increase the chances of spontaneous delivery. Evidence does not support the preference one pushing technique than another to diminish the risk of OASIS. Performing an operative vaginal delivery for the sole purpose of reducing the duration of the second stage of labor may increase the risk of OASIS. Furthermore, perineal massage or the application of warm compresses during the second stage of labor appear to reduce the risk of OASIS.

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