The goal of a new study published in Islets was to test the hypothesis – Inflammation related to fatty-liver adversely impacts islet survival. In this experiment, a mouse model of fatty-liver was used to determine the outcome of syngeneic islet transplantation after chemical pancreatectomy. It was observed that the difference in the euglycemic fraction between the normal liver group and the fatty-liver group was statistically significant on the 18th day post-transplant, which was maintained till the end of the study (day 28). While the levels of tissue cytokines, TNF-α and IL-1β, were elevated in fatty-liver mice. In addition, cytokine levels were elevated after islet cell transplantation and in transplanted fatty-liver mice as compared to either fatty- or islet-transplant group alone. However, difference in the histochemical pattern of cluster of differentiation 31 (CD31) could not be determined. Thus, it was concluded that fatty-liver creates an inflammatory state which adversely affects the outcome of autologous islet cell transplantation.