The purpose of a new study published in Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases was to assess if in-utero exposure to hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) decreases the risk of cutaneous neonatal lupus (cNL) and/or delays its onset. This multicenter case-control study included 122 cNL cases and 434 controls, born to women with a rheumatological disease, who had documentation of maternal anti-Ro±anti-La antibodies at pregnancy and confirmation of medication use and the childs outcome. A secondary analysis was performed on 262 cNL cases irrespective of maternal diagnosis, to determine if HCQ delayed time to cNL onset. It was found that 16% cNL cases were exposed to HCQ (in-utero) compared to 34% controls. Exposure to HCQ was associated with a reduced risk of cNL, whereas exposure to anti-La antibody and female gender were associated with an increased risk of cNL. In addition, the exposure to HCQ remained significantly associated with a reduced cNL risk in the analyses limited to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus and for those who developed rash ≤1 month. On the other hand, when analyzing all 262 cNL cases, HCQ-exposed infants were older at cNL onset versus HCQ-non-exposed infants, but the difference was not statistically significant. From the results, it was concluded that exposure to HCQ is associated with a reduced risk of cNL. Furthermore, among cNL cases, those exposed to HCQ tend to have later onset of rash. Hence, both findings suggested a protective effect of HCQ on cNL.