A new study published in Pediatric Transplantation aimed to detect possible risk factors for urological complications UC and urinary tract infection UTI following pediatric renal transplantation Tx in children and the effect of these complications on outcome. This retrospective study included 108 children who underwent living donor Tx between 2009 and 2015. The findings revealed that urological causes of end stage renal disease ESRD were present in 30.6 recipients comprising 13 posterior urethral valve 14.8 vesicoureteral reflux VUR and 2.8 neurogenic bladder. Augmentation ileocystoplasty was performed in 8.3 patients. UC were detected in 9.3 children leakage in 3.7 obstruction in 2.8 and VUR in 2.8 while UTIs were reported in 37 children. Analytical data exhibited that UC were markedly higher in children with cystoplasty. On the other hand UTIs were notably higher in girls and in children with urological causes of ESRD. Meanwhile UC and UTI were not significantly associated with increased graft loss or mortality. Furthermore UC were considerably higher in children with cystoplasty while UTIs were significantly higher in girls and children with urological causes of ESRD. Hence it was inferred that the presence of UC did not affect the rate of graft loss or mortality due to its early detection and proper management.