A recent study published in the Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology and Therapeutics investigated the combined effects of ischemic post-conditioning (IPostC) and vildagliptin on myocardial function and infarct size (IS) against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in diabetic myocardium. This experiment entailed the induction of diabetes by a high-fat diet or a low dose of streptozotocin in Wistar rats, for a period of 12 weeks. Vildagliptin (6 mg/kg/d) was orally administered for five weeks in diabetic groups, after the seventh week of diabetes induction. The results showed that pretreatment of the diabetic rats with vildagliptin notably recovered the reduction in left ventricular developed pressures and contractility, induced by diabetes. On the other hand, after I/R injury, IPostC could not significantly improve the myocardial function, myocardial contents of troponin-I (cTnI), and IS of diabetic hearts. Whereas in vildagliptin-treated hearts, concomitant application of IPostC significantly recovered heart functions, returned cTnI content as well as myocardial interleukin (IL)-6 and 8-isoprostane levels back to the control values, and reduced IS more effectively (by 45%) than that in the diabetic group. From these findings, it was concluded that apart from its glycemic and lipid profile controlling effects, vildagliptin has a protective effect on heart function and tends to restore cardio-protective effects of IPostC on diabetic hearts.